Public-Data-Tax.zip

Core Finding: The study famously distinguishes between "Belonging without Believing." Many people in countries like Denmark, Sweden, and the UK identify as Christian due to culture, family tradition, or national identity, even if they rarely attend church or hold core religious beliefs.

Key Topics Explored:

Religious Practice: Frequency of prayer, church attendance, and religious observance.

Belief: Levels of belief in God, miracles, heaven, and hell.

Cultural vs. Religious Identity: How Christians define their identity—through faith, family, or culture.

Social & Political Attitudes: Correlations between Christian identity and views on immigration, nationalism, EU integration, and social issues like same-sex marriage and abortion.

Religious Landscape: The study also covers the growing unaffiliated population and Muslim minorities for comparison.

Geographic Scope: The survey was conducted in 15 countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Significance: This dataset is crucial for sociologists, theologians, and policymakers understanding secularization, the role of cultural religion, and how religious identity persists in modern, pluralistic societies even as traditional worship declines.

Access: The full report, interactive data tools, and methodology are available on the Pew Research Center's website under the "Religion" section. Searching for "Being Christian in Western Europe" will directly lead to the complete findings.